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Research demonstrates that MRSA dies on copper surfaces by a multifaceted attack from copper ions and reactive oxygen species.
February 24, 2016
New research from the University of Southampton in the U.K. shows that copper can destroy methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) spread by touching and fingertip contamination of surfaces.
Frequently-touched surfaces in busy areas like hospitals, transport hubs and public buildings are at high risk of community-acquired and health care-associated infections (HCAIs) caused by MRSA and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Bacteria deposited on a surface by one person touching it, or via contaminated body fluids, can be picked up by subsequent users and spread to other surfaces, potentially causing thousands of infections worldwide.
In previous studies at the University of Southampton, simulated "droplet contamination" of MRSA — representing a sneeze or a splash — showed that it was rapidly killed on copper and copper alloy surfaces. However, contamination of surfaces often occurs via fingertips, drying rapidly and potentially being overlooked by cleaning regimes, unlike visible droplets.
"Our latest research shows that in simulated fingertip contamination of surfaces with millions of MRSA or MSSA, the cells can remain alive for long periods on non-antimicrobial surfaces, such as stainless steel, but are killed even more rapidly than droplet contamination on copper and copper alloys. Exposure to copper damages the bacterial respiration and DNA, resulting in irreversible cell breakdown and death," Dr. Sarah Warnes, lead author of the new research, explained.
This new paper, published in the journal Applied & Environmental Microbiology, demonstrates that MRSA dies on copper surfaces by a multifaceted attack from copper ions and reactive oxygen species.
Bill Keevil, chair of environmental healthcare at the University of Southampton and the paper's co-author, explained the significance of these findings: "It's important to understand the mechanism of copper's antimicrobial efficacy because microorganisms have evolved various mechanisms to convey resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics. Our work shows that copper targets various cellular sites, not only killing bacterial and viral pathogens but also rapidly destroying their nucleic acid genetic material so there is no chance of mutation occurring and nothing to pass on to other microbes — a process called horizontal gene transfer. Consequently, this helps prevent breeding the next generation of superbug."
Touch surfaces made from solid antimicrobial copper are already used by hospitals, schools, mass transit hubs, sports facilities and offices around the world to reduce the spread of infections, supporting key infection control measures such as good hand hygiene and regular surface cleaning and disinfection.
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