Report predicts Canadian families will spend $801 more on food in 2025, while 8.7 million are living in food-insecure households.
December 24, 2024
“Canada's Food Price Report” (CFPR) 2025 forecasts a rise in food prices of between 3% and 5%, pushing the average family of four's annual food expenditure to $16,833.67 – an increase of up to $801.56 from last year. Though 2024 saw food prices grow more slowly than expected, affordability remains a major concern for Canadians as inflation continues to erode household budgets.
For 15 years, the CFPR has been produced by a cross-country research collaboration between Dalhousie University, the University of Guelph, the University of British Columbia and the University of Saskatchewan. This team uses historical data, machine learning and predictive analytics to project future food prices while analyzing the key factors shaping the Canadian food system, according to a news release from the Dalhousie Agri-food Analytics Lab.
Despite easing inflation in 2024, food insecurity continues to affect millions of Canadians. In 2023, Statistics Canada reported that 22.9% of households across the 10 provinces were food insecure, impacting 8.7 million people, including 2.1 million children. These figures are significantly higher in Nova Scotia (28.9%) and Prince Edward Island (28.6%) – regions with the highest rates of food insecurity in the country, the Dalhousie news release pointed out.
Food banks saw record demand in 2023, with visits surpassing 2 million – an increase of 90% compared to 2019. Younger Canadians, especially Gen Z, are under significant financial strain, with nearly 40% relying on savings or credit to purchase food compared to 20% of Baby Boomers.
The re-election of Donald Trump as U.S. president and his potential tariff policies could disrupt the delicate balance of Canada's food distribution system, according to Dalhousie. With 60% of Canada's agri-food exports going to the U.S., Canadian producers rely heavily on American markets for growth. Trump's campaign rhetoric has emphasized reducing U.S. farming costs and rolling back environmental regulations, signaling a shift toward protectionist policies.
"Trump's return to the White House introduces new uncertainties for Canadian food security," said Dr. Sylvain Charlebois of Dalhousie University. "Tariffs or restrictions on Canadian imports could strain cross-border trade and increase prices for Canadian consumers while undermining the economic stability of our agricultural sector."
Severe weather events continue to wreak havoc on global and domestic food supplies. Droughts in western Canada and wildfires blocking rail lines have reduced beef and other agricultural outputs, leading to higher prices for consumers. Similarly, international crop failures have driven up the cost of cocoa and orange juice, underscoring the fragility of global food systems.
Compounding these issues are supply chain disruptions caused by strikes and shutdowns at major Canadian railways and ports. These bottlenecks slow domestic shipments and jeopardize Canada's export commitments, all while the agricultural sector struggles with labor shortages in the post-pandemic economy.
Canadian consumers are increasingly vocal about rising food costs. In 2024, a boycott of Loblaw's, Canada's largest grocer, highlighted widespread frustration with perceived corporate greed. Although the boycott failed to impact Loblaw's financial performance, it drew attention to the need for increased competition in the grocery sector.
A newly implemented Grocery Code of Conduct, which includes major players like Loblaw’s, Sobeys and Metro, aims to level the playing field for smaller manufacturers and grocers, fostering greater choice for consumers. While it remains unclear how effective this initiative will be, experts are cautiously optimistic about its potential to stabilize the market.
With the influence of Trump-era policies looming and the ongoing impacts of climate change and supply chain vulnerabilities, Canadians face a complex web of factors shaping their ability to afford the food they need in 2025 and beyond. More information is available in the complete CFPR 2025.
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