Spectrometer and spectral image were used to determine with 99% accuracy whether ground beef samples included other animal parts.

November 27, 2017

3 Min Read
New food inspection tool quickly detects impurities in ground beef
Yaxi Hu, a University of British Columbia Ph.D. candidate in food science who specializes in food fraud detection, analyzes a meat sample's spectra against those that have been previously collected in a library.Paul Joseph/University of British Columbia

Researchers at the University of British Columbia (UBC) have found a better way to identify unwanted animal products in ground beef.

Food science students led by professor Xiaonan Lu used a laser-equipped spectrometer and statistical analysis to determine with 99% accuracy whether ground beef samples included other animal parts. In addition, they were able to say with 80% accuracy which animal parts were used and in what concentration.

Their new method can accomplish all of this in fewer than five minutes, which makes it a potentially transformative food inspection tool for government and industry.

"By using this innovative technique, the detection of food fraud can be simpler, faster and easier," said Yaxi Hu, a Ph.D. candidate in the UBC faculty of land and food systems and lead author on the study.

Food fraud is the intentional misrepresentation of food products for economic gain. When producers hold an excess supply of meat or byproducts for which there is relatively little market demand, the potential exists for unscrupulous operators to try to pass those products off as something else, the UBC news release said. In the past five years, high-profile scandals in the U.K., Ireland and Russia have found lamb, chicken and even rat meat substituted for higher-quality meat products.

DNA testing has proved efficient and accurate in identifying foreign species in meat products, but what DNA testing cannot do is identify offal — hearts, livers, kidneys and stomachs — mixed in with meat of the same species.

To establish their method, the UBC researchers aimed a spectrometer at meat samples they had prepared by grinding together beef and offal from local supermarkets at various concentrations.

Because animal products all have different chemical compositions, their molecules absorb and scatter energy from the spectrometer's laser in different ways. The spectrometer captures these signals — or spectra — to produce an "image" of each substance. These spectral images can serve as a library for comparison with other samples.

Whether a meat sample is authentic or adulterated with offal can be determined by comparing its spectral image with the pre-established library to see if there's a match, UBC explained.

The method improves on existing techniques that are more complicated and time-consuming, the news release added. For example, a technique known as liquid chromatography works well, but it requires meat samples to be liquefied with solvents before testing, which can take more than an hour.

"The instrumentation for this technique is not that complex," Hu said. "So, if government or industry wants to do some rapid screening, they don't need to find highly trained personnel to conduct the experiment."

All they would need is a spectrometer and user-friendly software that connects to a robust library of spectral images. As more types of meat and offal are analyzed and their results stored, the technique would become even more accurate.

The researchers' ultimate goal is to create an affordable smart device that could be used by consumers at home for the authentication of different food products.

The study was published Nov. 9 in Scientific Reports. Hu's co-authors were electrical and computer engineering post-doctoral fellow Liang Zou, food science undergraduate student Xiaolin Huang and corresponding author Xiaonan Lu, a 2017 UBC Peter Wall Scholar and associate professor in the faculty of land and food systems.

The research is supported by the Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies.

Subscribe to Our Newsletters
Feedstuffs is the news source for animal agriculture

You May Also Like